The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.